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POSTER WORK 
in Kindergarten 



lS||S|lal|5iiil|5l|5ia^ AND I5i[BH5H5i[i3iiq|[DiyE 

Primary Grades 




Class ^-C> I ^^"'^ 



Book 

Copyright N"_ 



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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



POSTER WORK 



IN 



Kindergarten and 
Primary Grades 



BY JOHANNA HOLM 



V 



Copyright 1914 

By Johanna Holm 

All Rights Reserved, 



JWL -9/9/4 

©CI,A376G27 



Introduction 



THE poster as a form of art work originated with German artists and was popu- 
lar for advertising purposes. Because of its simplicity of form and of numer- 
ous possibilities for illustration it offers, a phase of this art has gradually been intro- 
duced into the educational field. 

One of the serious problems for the primary teacher is how to find material 
which will serve to keep the little ones busy, and, at the same time, have a real 
educative value. Poster work is a means that serves both of these purposes. Work 
with the hands has come to be considered essential to a child's complete education. 
Poster work is hand work. Its correlation with, and application to language work 
greatly increases its value. 

The posters in the following pages have been successfully developed by Miss 
Holm in her work with primary children. They will prove invaluable aids to the 
primary teacher. 

C. J. BREWER, 
Chippewa Falls, Wis. Supt. of Schools 



Author's Preface 

THE orginals of the posters, the prints of which appear in this 
book, were made by the pupils in the Kindergarten and First 
Grade under the supervision of the author. The pleasure the children 
experienced in making the posters did not exceed the enjoyment they 
found in studying the finished borders. 

With the pleasure they revealed in mind, the articles and pos- 
ters were published each month in the Primary Education so that 
other teachers could use them in their schools. The success of this 
venture has encouraged the author to offer this book "Poster Work in 
Kindergarten and Primary Grades" to the teachers hoping that they 
will receive practical and helpful suggestions therefrom and that they 
will be convinced that only as the handwork is correlated with the 
language and nature lessons does it attain its highest educational 
value. 

AUTHOR 




A YEAR'S CALENDAR 

Whatever the weather may be. says he. 

Whatever the weather may he. 

It's the song ye sing. 

And the smiles ye wear. 

That's a-making the 

Sunshine everywhere. — James Whitcomb Riley 



Page Six 



A Year's Calendar 



THIS calendar represents the twelve months of the 
year. It takes but little board space and compen- 
sates the teacher for her work in its value as a 
time saver. It is valuable in the information which 
can be imparted to the child; not only can the weather 
of the days of one month be compared, but the relative 
changes observed in the different months and seasons 
can be discussed. 

This calendar consists of ten concentric circles. 
Draw the ten circles, using a piece of white crayon 
attached to a piece of twine 25 in. long. The first 
circle has a diameter of 50 in. or the height of the 
board. The second circle has a radius 1 ' j in. shorter 
than that of the outside circle of 23' j. The third has 
a radius -h in. shorter than the radius of the second; 
the fourth I's in. shorter than that of the third. Make 
the radius of each of the next five circles 1^4 in. short- 
er than that of the one preceding. The small circle 
has a 3 in. radius. 

With the radius of the second circle divide the sec- 
ond circle into six equal parts and than divide each 
arc thus made into two equal parts. Now draw dia- 
meter from "A," which is a space and a half from the 
point directly above the center through the center of 
circle to the outside circumference. Then counting four 
points from "A" inclusive, to point "C," place the yard 
stick from this point through center of the circle and 
draw a second diameter. This divides the outside 
circle into four equal parts. In the space between 
circles 1 and 2 and midway between diameters, write 
or print names of the seasons, with winter in space 
above, with spring and autumn at right and left re- 
spectfully, and summer opposite winter, below the 
center. 

Now with radius extending from second circle, draw 
lines dividing the circle into twelve equal parts. In the 
space between the second and third circle write or 
print the names of the months with January directly 
above the center of the circle and February next 
space to the right and the following months in their 
order around the circle. 

Divide the twelve sections of the third circle into 
seven equal parts (each part in this size calendar 



measured l'^ in), and connect these points to the 
center of the circle, thus dividing each month into 
thirty-five spaces. In each section, in the spaces be- 
tween the third and fourth circles, write or print the 
first letter of the name of the days of the week, begin- 
ing with "S" for Sunday and to the left to "S" for 
Saturday. Now between the inner 6 in. circle and the 
circle next to it, erase the radii, leaving only the dia- 
meters which divide the outside circle into quarters. 
Thus we have a space for the illustration of the seasons. 

In this calendar one scene has been illustrated in the 
four seasons. Any illustration with this idea in mind 
can be used. Colored chalk was used to make the 
background, the sky, grass, water, house and trees. As 
it is difficult to make the details of a picture distinct 
on the smooth surface of the background with colored, 
chalk, pictures of children were cut out of magazines 
colored and mounted in position. Thus in the winter 
scene the boy with the huge snowball is an advertis- 
ment brought by the children for the purpose. The 
boy flying the kite in the Spring scene was cut out of 
one of the back numbers of the Primary Education. 
All pictures suitable to the seasons may be used. 

In the center 6 in. circle write the years to be repre- 
sented, and your calendar is completed and ready for 
use. The characters used for each month to represent 
the weather, can be prepared by the children under the 
supervision of the teacher. 

To represent the kinds of weather yellow was used 
for sunny days, gray for cloudy, black for rain, and 
white for snow. Each month had some object or 
form characteristic of it in any of these colors. These 
characters must be not more than 1 in. in diameter. 

Thus September, the month of fairs and street carni- 
vals, the toy balloon was used to illustrate the kinds of 
weather. For instance, circles were cut out of these 
different colors of paper, and if the weather were sunny 
on the first day of school a yellow circle is mounted in 
its space and the teacher adds a little line with a piece 
of crayon to represent the string or stick attached to 
the balloon. 

October, the month of brownies, witches and goblins, 
is represented with yellow Jack-o'-lanterns and black 

Page Scr&n 



witches for rain; gray pumpkin heads for clouds, and 
white crayon massed in behind a gray circle to repre- 
sent the snow. 

November has the yellow pumpkins and gray, black 
or white turkeys. 

December is represented with the Christmas tree in 
gray or white and stars in yellow. 

January is represented with different forms of snow 
crystals cut out of the different colors. 

February, with hatchets of yellow, and folded Wash, 
ington hats of gray and white. 

March is represented with squares of paper of differ- 
ent colors folded into a form commonly called wind- 
mills. 

April, with a conventional buttercup in yellow and 
birds in gray and black. June, with the same as 
May and April. 



George Washington's picture was mounted on the 
day on which his birthday came. Also pictures of 
other persons of whom the children had learned were 
placed on the calendar. These pictures were obtained 
from the educational magazines. The children's birth- 
days were commemorated with a red cross over the 
character representing the weather. This personal ele- 
ment makes each individual have an added interest 
in it. 

Any kindergartner or teacher after using this calen- 
dar will be better able to estimate its value to herself 
as well as to the child. It decorates, as well as being 
a source of information, and its growth from day to 
day is thoroughly appreciated and enjoyed by the 
children. 



Poster Work 



GENERAL 
A great deal of cutting to line, freehand cutting, pa- 
-^^ per tearing, paper folding, and so forth is done in the 
lower grades. These occupations are necessary in im- 
parting skill and dexterity, in aiding the child in discern- 
ing the form and outline of objects and also in develop- 
ing the muscles of the fingers and hand. 

What to do with this material which accumulates so 
quickly is a problem to all primary teachers. Poster 
Work is a form of mounting this material. Making a 
simple background and mounting these crude forms in 
place is a great pleasure for the child. He has accom- 
plished something worth while. Ask him what he has 



REMARKS 

contributed to the poster. No, that is not necessary. 
He will tell you that anyway with a great deal of pride. 
The poster is often very crude. Children enjoy a 
work of art drawn upon the blackboard by the teacher. 
Yes, certainly! But place the poster made by the child- 
ren near it and see which will attract their attention 
more. Each have had a hand in making this. The very 
crudeness of it appeals to him as no finished piece of 
art can. He is in that stage of development where 
whatever appeals to his imagination, interests him and 
it is a stage of growth which we as teachers can not 
ignore. 



CORRELATION OF MANUAL WORK WITH LANGUAGE WORK 



/CORRELATION of manual work with language work 
^^ is the basis upon which this book and posters is 
planned. The language lessons consists of nature work, 
geography, myths, fairy tales, and so forth. On these 
lessons are based all their occupation lessons. This 
correlation adds interest to the language work and aids 
in impressing important facts upon their minds which 
if abstractly taught would soon be forgotton. 

For example we will cite the Thanksgiving story as 
illustrated in the poster. The story of the Indians, 
Dutch and Pilgrims will interest the children. They 
would not understand it clearly however and the im- 
pression made would not be permanent. Children liv- 
ing in the city can not picture mentally the wilderness 
with only trees in which these Indians lived. They have 
probably never seen more than three or four trees in a 
group. 



The poster with the trees, and no house but the crude 
log church built by the Pilgrims, and the tents made of 
the skins of wild animals would aid in portraying the 
background in which the people, the children are to 
study, are to be placed. They can give the Pilgrims 
the right environment and so better understand the 
hardships they had to put up with because of their 
faith. The illustration of the large expanse of water 
which they crossed in sail boats gives them a faint idea 
of the j»recariousness of their journey. 

The occupation lessons, when correlated with the lan- 
guage lessons, also become connected, and there would 
always be an object for each lesson. The children soon 
notice this and a more daring one will say, "What are 
we going to use this for?" referring to the lesson planned 
for that day. 



Page Nine 



CARE OF MATERIAL 



TT'VERYTHING a child does should be collected and 
-^^ the best results preserved. Don't send home the 
worst results of their best efforts. This sounds incon- 
cistent. But do you think parents as a rule, appreciate 
these crude pieces of work? Some parents thoughtless- 
ly destroy them before the child. This is not an incen- 



tive to better efforts. The work done the first month 
is very crude. Collect the material, mount some of it 
in a little book. Have a lesson the last month and 
mount these in the same booklet. Now the parents 
will appreciate what the year's work has done for their 
child. 



THE FIRST EFFORTS IN POSTER WORK 



f I ■'HE first efforts in Poster Work must necessarily be 
very simple. During the first half of the year the 
best efforts of the majority of the children will be crude. 
A simple individual poster for September for beginners 
is a house, the siding of which the children have first 
colored, then cut to line and mounted. Use the com- 
mon drawing paper and water-wash, or color with col- 
ored crayons. The teacher then draws lines on the 
other side of the paper about one-half inch apart. Dur- 
ing the occupation period the children cut on these 



lines and mount the so-called siding on a house, out- 
lined by the teacher, beginning from the foundation 
line and working up as the carpenter does. Another 
individual poster is a brick house or fireplace made in 
like manner. For Christmas, a box cut like a fireplace 
may be covered with bricks which each child has made 
one or more of. The balloon border is appropriate for 
the month of September also and is simple enough to 
result in a successful poster. 



THE PURPOSES OF POSTER WORK AS PLANNED IN THIS BOOK 



rriO unfy the work in the lower grades, the occupa- 
tion work is based on the language, nature study, 
reading and so forth. This is done to attain unity of 
thought, to add interest to the language work and make 
the abstract facts real to him. This subject is discussed 
more fully under the topic Correlation of Poster Work 
and Manual Work. 

Another aim is to use the material made by the 
children and put it into a form at once pleasing to the 
eye and also a source of information to him. To bring 
into his school life outside interests and make him as 



happy in his work as possible is another purpose the 
teacher must have in mind. This is especially true the 
first month of the school year. The fairs usually occur 
at this time and with this to interest him, the simple 
Balloon poster is most appropriate, others, equally 
simple and interesting, can be planned. 

There is nothing better than Poster Work to awaken 
the power observation. Siding the house, laying the 
bricks, suggestive posters mentioned above, will tend to 
cause the child to watch them whenever he sees car- 
penters or bricklayers at work. He notices the birds. 



Page Ten 



how the telephone post is made, the trees, the flowers, 
everything which he has endeavored to picture in the 
posters. Nothing now escapes his observing eye. 

The manual work necessary in making these posters 
develops the muscles of the fingers and hand and with 
the constant use of these he soon attains great skill 
and dexterity. His sense of beauty is developed. His 
first attempts are necessarily crude. But the compar- 
ing of his own work with that of others which is better, 
he soon becomes self-critical. As his hands become 
more skillful in manipulating the tools and his eye is 



gradually becoming trained also, his work will be 
proportionately better. Neatness is essential to good 
results. So this attainment is absolutely necessary be- 
fore the children can hope to do good work. Thepaste- 
ing lessons will develop this as nothing else can. A 
careful child will soon attain this virtue; but the care- 
less child will have to learn to be careful as well as neat. 
After the children become skillful in the use of the 
scissors, the cutting-to-line lessons can be used as seat 
work. Tracing can also be done undirected after sever- 
al lessons under the direction of the teacher. 



THINGS TO AVOID IN POSTER WORK 



TO make the posters too elaborate and expensive 
should be avoided. Use inexpensive materials 
which you have on hand. With water colors, tint 
the drawing paper you have, if the tinted paper is not 
furnished. 

It is a temptation to permit the children, who do the 
good work, to make the greater part of the poster. It 
is an incentive to the best effort however to allow the 
children who get the best results mount theirs on the 
poster. The teacher should be careful in judging this. 
If a child used his best effort and the result is crude, 
use it. Too accurate work should not be expected of 
the little people. The children should do the tracing. 



cutting, and pasteing and, under the supervision of the 
teacher, the placing of the object upon the poster. 

Do not neglect to emphasize the object in making 
the poster if directly correlated with the language 
work. Constant reference to the subject to be illus- 
trated should be made during the occupation lesson. 

Do not have all group posters. Permit the children 
to make individual posters also. 

Avoid colors which are not in harmony with each 
other in the poster itself. If unable to get good colors 
in paper, make the silhouette posters entirely. Avoid 
mounting paper which does not harmonize with the 
general coloring of the room. 



COLOR COMBINATIONS IN POSTER WORK 



THE most effective combinations for two-toned 
Poster work are the silhouette colors, black on 
white or white on black background. 

The three-toned posters are made of black, white 
or gray. The gray is used for the background usually 
but either of the other colors can be used. 

Other strong contrasting colors for two-toned posters 
are black with red, black with orange, cream with 
brown, and blue with white. 

For the three-toned posters, black, red and white as 
in the Japanese poster, or blue, gray and white as in 
the Eskimo poster make very good combinations. 

Any color may be used effectively on black, hence 
the blackboard always makes a good background. 
Brown is also a good color for mounting. 

For night scenes the black is used for the back- 
ground, the white for the objects on the poster. These 



objects if painted should be in faint colors as the 
night subdues the coloring of everything. The black 
background with the colored brownies in the foreground 
is very effective. The Hallowe'en poster illustrated in 
this book was mounted on an orange background with 
the brownies and witches in silhouette. 

These are colors appropriate for the different seasons: 
The autumn colors are decided in tone as orange, red, 
brown and bright yellows. 

The colors in the winter are blue, violet, white and 
grays. Spring contains subdued tints of all the colors 
in green, red, yellow and violet. 

When the objects in the posters are colored and the 
natural coloring carried out in detail as in the Thanks- 
giving posters, the coloring should be as nearly natural 
as it is possible with paoer. Use the water colors or 
crayons if necessary to tone the coloring to the proper 
shade. 



Page Eleven 




BALOON POSTER 

Balloon Poster 

"Please, Mr. Balloon Man, give me three! 

For my sister Susan, and Baby and me!" 



The first weeks of school are usually devoted to water 
washes in drawing. To make something attractive to 
the children and still use the material necessary to the 
first steps in drawing, I planned this poster. 

Water is applied to the drawing paper with a brush, 
then painted with the color desired. In this poster the 
red and the blue washes were used. The patterns of 
the boys and girls were hektographed on the tinted 
paper and cut out by the children. The man selling 
the balloons, is colored with brown crayon. 



The balloons are 1 in. circles cut out of the six 
standard colors, or parquetry circles can be used if 
desired. A black line represents the string on the 
balloon. A picket fence in brown forms the back- 
ground. The whole is mounted on brown oatmeal wall 
paper and the result is an attractive poster enjoyed by 
each child because of his share in making it. Size of 
poster 18 in. by 50 in. 



Chicken Little 



Chicken Little is a nonsense story familiar to all 
children. It lends itself readily to dramatization. A 
simple poster like the one shown below will interest 
the children greatly. 

This is a three-toned poster in gray, black and white. 
The background is gray. Hen Pen, Turkey Lurkey, 
Foxy Loxy and the den is cut to line from black coat- 



ed papers. Chicken Little, Duck Luck and Goosey 
Loosey are cut out of white paper. 

Chicken Little is mounted facing Hen Pen, Duck 
Luck, Goose Loose, Turkey Lurkey and Foxy Loxy, to 
each of whom she told her story. The right hand of 
the poster shows where they all turned and fled with 
Foxy Loxy into his den. Size of poster 18 in. by 50 in. 





Page Twelve 



CHICKEN LITTLE 



■•■-^ "15' -^ -- -^T 




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SOAP BUBBLE POSTER 



Soap Bubble Poster 

"Blow, blow, blow your shining bubbles, 
Float, float, float you fairy things. 
Filling all the air with rainbows. 
Floating on your sunbeam wings," 

Soims of the Child WorlH. 



Children love color. The teacher must begin early 
to train the color sense. The distinct, bright primary 
colors appeal to him most. Gradually color blending 
is taught and this is taught more successfully with 
water colors. Through conversational lessons lead the 
children to see and tell about the colors about them. 
Study the rainbow. Show the children the color cast 
upon the floor and wall through the prisms hung in 
the window. The most effective lesson is the soap 
bubble lesson. After the soap bubble party the child- 
ren will have their usual painting lesson. 

Paint soap pubbles, water wash a soap bubble or 



circle on the drawing paper. Then with a delicate 
color of paint on the brush, paint with a rotary move- 
ment the different colors on the water-washed surface. 

Transfer the children shown in the poster, from the 
pattern sheet on drawing paper. During another occu- 
pation period these children are either colored with 
water colors or crayons. Mount them in place on the 
background of brown oatmeal wall paper or the black- 
board on which the lines representing the boards in 
the floor and wainscoting have been drawn. 

Then cut out the soap bubbles and mount them in 
position also, placing the smaller ones in the distance. 



r 







CHICKEN LITTLE 



Page Thirteen 



THE WITCHES 



Hallowe'en Poster 



"The night wind howls about the house 

And strangest lights are seen; 

Bad children better keep inside for this is Hallowe'en 

And fairies watch you now from o'er the hill. 

The woods are full of goblins 



And the most of them are bad 

They chase the witches flying thru the air, 

And should a black witch catch you 

While she's riding on a broom 

Your folks would never find you anywhere.' 



This poster is made in black and orange. Everything 
suggestive of Hallowe'en is found in it; the witches on 
their broomsticks in the air, and others brewing in 
their kettles, the Brownies, the owls in the trees, the 
Jack-o'-lanterns, the black cats, and the laughing moon. 
These are hektographed and cut from black coated pa- 
per and mounted on orange. 

The background of trees is torn by the children, giv- 
ing the rough appearance of bark and also disclosing 
the white, giving the effect of reflection of moonbeams. 
The larger Brownies are mounted in front, the smaller 
ones in the background among the trees. The fire is 
torn from a lighter shade of orange than the color of 
the mounting boards, and the logs are torn from black- 
coated paper and piled beneath. The sky line is drawn 
with charcoal. 

This when completed makes a very effective border 
for decorating and is greatly enjoyed by the children. 
The size of this poster is 12 ft. by 15 in. 



Page Fourteen 



THE BROWNIES 

Hallowe en on the Sand Table 



Place the sandtable in the corner of the room. 
Directly over the table from one wall to the other fasten 
a taut string. Suspend other strings of graduated lengths 
so that the largest witches will be hanging from the 
lowest string and the smallest witches are fastened to 
the shortest strings. Mount the moon on the black- 
board in the rear of the table. 

Plant trees made of branches in the sandtable. Place 
the smaller brownies in the rear among the trees. In 
the front of the table place the larger brownies and the 
witches. Place two twigs, with crotches on the top as 
in the poster, about four inches apart. Place a five 
inch stick across in the crotches of these sticks. Sus- 
pend a tin toy kettle from this stick with a string. A 
kettle can be made of black paper by rolling a strip 
about six inches long and two inches wide and pasteing 
the two ends that meet together like a napkin ring. 
No bottom is necessary for the effect. Fasten the two 
ends of a four inch string to opposite side of the kettle 
and hang it from the stick above. Under this kettle 
pile twigs and under and between these sticks place 
pieces of orange and black paper to represent fire. 

The owl, which is cut out of black paper is pasted 
with a strip of paper on the back of it and over a twig 
of the so-called trees so that the owl will keep an up- 
right position. (See chapter: "Those patterns for the 
Sand Table" in the back of this book.) 

To carry out the effect further, darken the room- 
Cover an electric light bulb with orange paper and 
with black crayon put in the shadows of the moon. 
Make the paper appear as nearly round as possible. 
Fasten the bulb to the string from which the witches 
are suspended and turn on the light. This can be done 
with a small oil lantern but is not a safe thing to do. 
Small individual search-lights can be used for this 
purpose beautifully and are inexpensive and there is no 
danger of causing a fire. 



Page Fifteen 



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LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS 



There were men with hoary hair 

Amidst that pilgrim band; 
Why had they come to wither there, 

Away from their childhood's land? 

There was woman's fearless eyes, 

Lit by her deep love's truth; 
There was manhood's brow serenely high, 

And the fiery heart of youth. 



What sought they thus afar? 

Bright jewels of tne mine? 
The wealth of seas, the spoils of war?— 

They sought a faith's pure shrine! 

Ay, call it holy ground 

The soil where first they trod; 
They have left unstained what there they found,- 

Freedom to worship God. 



Thanksgiving Poster 



The above poster illustrates the language lessons for 
the month of November. The Dutch people are cut from 
the Manila paper and colored by the children, following 
a language lesson on the costumes of the people of Hol- 
land. The windmills and one-story houses with thatch- 
ed roofs are illustrated next. Not any of this work is 
mounted until the subject of Holland is exhausted. On 
the day on which it is reviewed the material is mounted 
on the border. 

The background in this entire border is a strip of blue 
"oatmeal" wall paper the length desired. The above 
border is twenty feet long. For the foreground, illustra- 
ting Holland and America, brown "oatmeal ' wall paper 
is used. Then the border is tacked in place with thumb 
tacks on the wainscoting in the room and is ready for 
mounting, The children paste and under direction of 
teacher mount all they have made. 

Now the journey across the ocean is illustrated. 
These boats are folded from 4x4 Prang paper. The 
brown coated paper is used in this border. Any simple 
boat fold can be used. To mount these boats cut or tear 
rough lines or slits in the blue paper illustrating the 



ocean about three inches long. Insert a boat into each 
of these and touch the ragged edges with white chalk, 
making the appearance of white caps. 

A large rock is torn from the brown paper and in- 
serted into a hole torn in the blue paper near the coast, 
illustrating America. This is Plymouth Rock. The torn 
edge is touched with white chalk also. 

Next the Indians were cut out and colored and 
mounted. Then the Pilgrims going to church. A log 
church torn from the brown paper is darkened and is 
placed near the little stream which separates the Indi- 
ans from the home of the white people. A background 
of trees is torn from green paper and mounted at the 
extreme edge of the brown paper. Tree trunks torn 
from brown paper and darkened with colored crayons 
are mounted in the foreground. The Indian tents are 
cut and colored also and mounted in place. 

This completes the Thanksgiving Poster, a border 
rich in information and of interest to the children for 
months after its completion. Size of poster is 5 yds. 
by 18 in 



Page Sixteen 





THE PILGRIMS (Dutch Scene) 



First Boat Fold 

Directions for folding No. 1. Placing the 4x4 square 
of paper directly before you fold the front edge to the 
back edge. Open the fold. Now place the paper with 
diameter of this square vertically on the desk. Now fold 
front edge to the back edge. Place brown side of 
paper on desk. Fold corners a and b to center. Fig 2. 

Turning the paper thus folded with white side on 
desk, fold c and d to center. Fold x to center and a 
brown boat with white sails is the result. 
Second Boat Fold 

Fold 16 square fold of 4 in. paper. Place brown 



side on desk. Fold front edge to diameter. Fig 11. 

Fold back a and b on their diagonals. Fig III. Then 
cut oft" squares x, z, y and k, leaving the large center 
square m n. Fig IV. Now fold this large square on 
diagonal placing point m on n folding so that the white 
surface is exposed as in Fig V. 

Third Boat Fold 

Fold as in second boat to Fig III. . Cut on line y x. 
Fold corner z to x and corner y to a, exposing the white 
side of the paper. The result is Fig IV. 



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Page Seventeen 








hiawavtha'S boyhood 



Hiawatha's Boyhood (Illustrated) 



"Then the little Hiawatha 
Learned of every bird its language, 
Learned their names and all their secrets, 
How they built their nests in Summer 
Where they hid themselves in Winter, 
Talked with them whene'er he met them, 
Called them 'Hiawatha's Chickens.' 



Of all beasts he learned the language, 
Learned their names and all their secrets. 
How the beavers built their lodges. 
Where the squirrels hid Jheir acorns. 
How the reindeer ran so swiftly. 
Why the rabbit was so timid. 
Talked with them whene'er he met them 
Called them 'Hiawatha's Brothers.' " 



Hiawatha Poster 



Preceding the study of the Pilgrims the children are 
taught the habits and customs of the Indians. Selec- 
tions from Hiawatha's Childhood are introduced and 
some committed to memory. 

The first poster illustrates Hiawatha among the beasts 
and birds of the forest. (Lines 144 to 150) (and 151 to 
158). The sky and water are made of blue paper, the 
foreground of brown. The trees in the rear of the pos- 
ter are cut from green paper or colored with colored 
crayons. A rainbow (lines 127 to 135) is painted be- 
hind and above the trees, with a reflection of it to the 
right. Here the color lessons may be introduced. 

The tree trunks are torn out of brown paper and 
shaded with dark brown crayon. The flowers and plants 
in the foreground are colored with crayons. At this 
time of the year, the birds are leaving for the south. 
As they emigrate they can be studied, and painted and 
mounted in place on the poster. Hiawatha is the cen- 



tral flgure in this poster. He is mounted just behind 
the trees in the foreground and is preparing to shoot 
the deer which stands alert farther up the brook. (Lines 
210 to 222.) 

A Hiawatha book should be made in connection with 
this poster. After a lesson en birds and selecting the 
best ones for the poster, have each child mount the birds 
they have made on the first page of this book. Paint 
a sky picture with the rainbow for the next page. On 
another page mount lagoo and Nokomis (lines 159 to 
172) sitting by the campfire talking. Paint a blue sky 
with a lake and ground or grass in the foreground. Tear 
some trees of paper or paint these with water colors or 
crayons. In and near the water mount the leaves and 
water lilies, mount the rabbits, the squirrels and deer 
among the trees. 

Hiawatha with bow (lines 210 to 222) which lagoo 
had given him ready to shoot the deer near the brook 
is mounted on the last page. 



Page Eighteen 




HIAWATHAS BOYHOOD (Night Scene) 

Hiawatha's Boyhood ( Continued ) 



"Many things Nokomis taught him 

Of the stars that shine in heaven; 

Showed him Ishkoodab, the comet, 

Ishkoodab with fiery tresses; 

Showed the Death-Dance of the spirits 

Warriors with their plumes and war-clubs, 

Flaring far away to northward 

In the frosty nights of winter; 

Showed the broad white road in heaven, 

Pathway of the ghosts, the shadows, 

Running straight across the heavens. 

Crowded with the ghosts, the shadows." 



"When he heard the owls at midnight, 
Hooting, laughing in the forest, 
'What is that? he cried in terror, 
'What is that," he said, 'Nokomis?' 
And the good Nokomis answered: 
'That is but the owl and owlet, 
Talking in their native language, 
Talking scolding at each other.' 



Hiawatha Poster (Night Scene) 

The second poster is a night scene depicting Nokomis 
teaching Hiawatha the secrets of the night (line 86 to 
97), the moon with its shadows (lines 117 to 1 26) 
the stars, the comet, northern lights, milky way (lines 
86 to 97) and the owls in the tree above their tent 
(lines 136 to 143.) 

This poster is mounted in black, the northern lights, 
stars, comet, and so forth, in the sky, are colored with 
white chalk. Cut the moon out of white paper and 
darken the shadows with black crayon. 

The foreground is shaded with chalk. The trees, owls, 
Hiawatha and Nokomis are cut from black coated pa- 
per. The tent is cut out of white paper. The rushes 
and grasses are painted with white chalk. The size of 
these two posters are fifty-one inches by twenty inches. 

(Footnote: -'I'he lines referred lo in the de^rriptiun above, designate where tliese quotations are lound in "The Song of Hiawatha'", which 
the different jiarls of these posters illustrate.) 



Page Nineteen 




SANTA CLAUS AND THE BROWNIES 



Santa's Helpers 



The fairies and brownies on last Christmas tide 
Decided to open their hearts very wide. 

And spend extra time throughout the whole year 
In helping their grandfather, Santa Claus, dear. 



Then bravely they all went to work with a will 
And soon all was quiet in workshop and mill, 

For Old Santa said, "Enough and well done, 
We've toys enough now to make all kinds of fun." 

— From'Primary School. 



Christmas Poster 

These two posters illustrate Santa Claus preparing for 
his journey from the northland and on his way to the 
children of our country. The posters are both mounted 
on black paper. The trees, hills and background are 
torn to line from the black paper also. The reindeer 
are cut from white paper; the cutters from red; Santa 
Claus and Brownies and toys are colored with crayola 
by the children and then cut out. The house is made 
of black paper, the roof and window ledge being torn 
to represent the uneven surface of snow. Orange color- 
ed paper, to represent candle light, is mounted behind 
window and open door. 

The Brownies carry the toys and help Santa Claus 
fill the bag and sleigh with the toys. 

The second poster represents Santa on his journey 
with the laughing moon, which is cut out of white pa- 
per with slits cut to represent the shadows in it, com- 
ing up behind the distant trees and housetops. 

The introduction of the Brownies again in the first 
poster pleases the children greatly and adds interest, if 
that is possible, to the oft-repeated story of Santa Claus 
on his journey as illustrated in the second poster. The 
size of these posters are both four feet by sixteen inches. 



Page Tiventu 




SANTA CLAUS ON HIS WAY 

"Now swift over the snow, 

The tiny reindeer 
Are trotting and bringing, 

Good Santa Claus here." 



The Ski Tournament Poster 



Every child enjoys out-of-door sports. But what ap- 
peals to a boy more than ski-ing! 

This poster is made on a background of blue 'oat- 
meal" wall paper. The hills are drawn and shaded with 
white chalk; the trees are torn from blue paper by the 
children; the men on skiis are cut to line from gray 
drawing paper; the scaffolding and audience are cut 
out of black-coated paper. 



When the poster below was completed and ready to 
be hung in its place, one lad, at noon, brought a penny 
flag and told us we had forgotten to put a flag at the 
head of the scaffolding. So with this addition this sim- 
ple poster was hung in our room and remained with us 
until March brought promises of spring. The size of 
this poster is six feet by twenty-five inches. 




A SKI TOURNAMENT 



Page Twentv-one 




THE SHEPHERDS 



"A wond'rous light beamed thro' the night, 

Fear bent the shepherds low, 

Till angels caroled fear away, 

By telling Christ was born that day 

In Bethlehem." 



The Shepherds and the Wise Men 



The children love the beautiful Christmas story. The 
shepherds watching their sheep at night, discover the 
beautiful star of Bethlehem just above the city. At the 
right of the poster, the Three Wise Men are coming to 
bring gifts to the Christ Child and to worship Him. 
They are following the star which has illumined their 
path on their journey from their far away home. 

The background is black-coated paper The hills, the 
outline of the city, the rays of the stars, and the road 
are outlined and shaded with white crayon. The white, 
in water-color paints, can be used and makes a more 
durable poster. The star, sheep. Shepherds, and Wise 
Men are cut out of white paper and mounted. 

This is a very effective, though simple poster. It 
measures eight feet by twenty inches. 



Page Twentii-iu>o 




THE WISE MEN 

"A-down the vale that silent hour 
Heartstrong as well bent low. 
In land, to them all strange and wild 
Three Wise Men sought the Promised Child, 
In Bethlehem." 



A Christmas Sand Table 



For Christmas Santa Claus and the Brownies could 
be arranged upon the sand table. This, with the second 
poster and The Shepherds and The Wise Men poster, 
would decorate the room very effectively. 

Pile the sand into a gradual rise from about eight 
inches from the front of the table to the back, the high- 
est part being in the rear. Now, by digging out a little 
sand in this bluff about every foot or more, the effect 
will be a range of hills in the distance. Plant little ever- 
green boughs among the hills arranging the largest trees 
in the front. Plant branches of other trees also. Build a 
house of blocks on the sand table to the right near the 
front. 

Color and cut out the figures and mount them on 
heavier paper. (Proceed as directed under "These Pat- 
terns for the Sand Table.) To make the cutter proceed 
as follows cut two sides of red cardboard like the 
pattern of the cutter. Take a spool box and paste the 
sides of the cutter on this box. Cut a piece of card- 
board the width of the box and height of the cutter 



back and mount on the back end of the box. Paint 
the box red. Arrange a seat in the cutter; cut a piece 
of cardboard half an inch wide and a half inch longer 
than the box is wide. Bend the two ends of this piece 
a quarter of an inch from each end and paste the laps 
so made on the inside of the cutter near the front. 

Now arrange the brownies, reindeer and Santa Claus 
toward the front of the sand table as in the picture of 
the poster. The moon can be suspended with black 
string in the rear of the house, the moon can be arrang- 
ed in the same way as suggested in the October Sand- 
table lesson. 

Make the windows and doors of orange paper with 
black shadows on it and paste on the block house with 
a little paste applied to each corner. 

This lesson, when completed is as effective as the 
poster for the teacher who is so fortunate as to possess 
a sandtable. It lends a variety to the Christmas work 
which adds pleasure to its development. 



Paye Twentf^-ihrcc 



ESKIMO POSTER 



Eskimo Poster 



"By the North Pole dwells, we know, 
Chilly little Eskimo 
On the fields of ice and snow 
stands his house of turf and snow; 
Sheet of ice for window pane 
Would not you and I complain? 



Wrapped in furry clothes yon go, 
Clever little Eskimo. 
Up above you icebergs rise 
Northern lights are in the skies; 
Winter is as dark as night 
But yon stars are very bright." 



Our language lessons for January were based upon 
the people of the Northland, their habits and their cus- 
toms. These we illustrated during our occupation per- 
iod making the border shown above. 

Blue "oatmeal" wall paper is used for the background 
in this border. The foreground is drawn in with white 
chalk and shaded to give the appearance of snow, the 
blue of the paper underneath the chalk giving the effect 
of the reflection of the sky. The block of ice is drawn 
with white chalk and blue crayola. The white clouds and 
the icebergs near the skyline are cut from white paper. 
The clouds are shaded lightly with blue crayon. The 
skyline is drawn with blue crayon. 

A large whale is cut from black coated paper and 
inserted in the cleft cut in that part of the border 
representing the ocean. The rough edge of this cleft is 
touched with white chalk to represent white foam on 
the water. Near the whale are two boats, containing 
Eskimos with harpoons, in the act of throwing these to 
kill the whale and bear. A seal is seen sticking his 
head just above the surface of the water near the 
block of ice. Another seal is sunning himself near by. 
A white bear has captured a young seal and is in the 
act of devouring it. A large walrus, a white bear and 
a large seal are lying near the shore on the part of 
poster representing the land. The bears are made of 



white sheet wadding and the walrus and seals of dark 
gray to represent their woolly coats. 

The Eskimos are dressed in gray sheet wadding 
costumes. The child has a white bear skin (sheet 
wadding) suit with a gray robe. The sled and dogs are 
cut from light gray paper. 

The igloos or Eskimo houses are cut from white 
paper and shaded with blue crayon. The second igloo 
is shown in the process of construction, the large 
blocks of ice or snow being cut and ready to be lifted 
to another Eskimo who stands ready to put them in 
place. 

The third igloo is cut double, the upper part, show- 
ing the exterior of the home when completed, is like 
the first igloo, and when this is raised the interior is 
shown as pictured on the right-hand side of the poster. 
In the center of the room is a large block upon which 
rests their oil lamp, over which hangs a large kettle 
suspended from the ceiling. The dogs are sleeping to 
the left of the fire: the mother, with her child strapped 
to her back, is watching the kettle, and the father is 
crawling through the entrance. The Eskimo on the 
sled with her six dogs portrays some of the joys of 
cl i dhood in this northern country. 

This border is suitable for decoration throughout the 
winter months, and is ever a source of pleasure to the 
children. The size of this poster is 4 yds. by 18 in. 



Paae Ticent^-four 




THE ESKIMO 



Japanese Poster 

This poster is mounted on black and the Japanese 
figures are cut out of red paper and markings sketched 
in with white, and if elaboration is desired, with gilt 
paint. These figures may also be painted or colored 
with colored crayons. 

The lanterns are painted with water colors orcrayonr, 
and the birds are cut out of white paper. 

This makes a very effective border for decoration 
The size of this poster is five feet by eighteen inches. 




JAPANESE POSTER 



Page Tiventv-five 



LITTLE VETERANS 



Marching Song 



Bring the comb and play upon it! 

Marching, here we come! 
WilHe cocks his highland bonnet, 

Johnnie beats his drum. 

Mary Jane commands the party, 

Peter leads the rear; 
Feet in time, alert and hearty, 

Each a grenadier. 



All in the most martial manner. 

Marching double-quick; 
While the napkin, like a banner, 

Waves upon the stick! 

Here's enough of fame and pillage. 

Great commander Jane! 
Now that we've been round the village, 

Let's go home again. 



February Poster 

February is the month of birthdays of national in- 
terest. All children love to imitate the deeds of others 
and every boy enjoys playing soldier like George 
Washington or Abraham Lincoln. 

The posters illustrating the Young Veterans on 
Parade appeals strongly to boy nature. The pictures 
are colored either with colored crayons or water colors 
and mounted on the blackboard or on dark paper. 
This poster is also appropriate for May. However, 
the game itself, with the children taking active part, is 
of more interest to them then. This poster is two 
yards long and ten inches wide. It can be made any 
length desired. 



-R. L. Stevenson. 



Page Twentv-six 



THE 

MARCH 

'■ WhiclK'ViT \v;i\' 
Sniiu- lH';irt is ui;i 
Thi-n l.lo\\ it iMSt 
TPiL- wind tlirit 1)1. 

Thf winds are associateJ with the month of Marrh and the 
language lessons are hased more or less on this subjert. The above 
poster is an illustration of a poem appropriate for this month, 
"The Song of the wind." 

Booklets to illustrate this song were very effei'tive. In tlie grades 
where children can write, the cou|ilets can be written under the 
illustrations. For each figure an extra figure can be made by some 
one in the class, to be mounlpd on the poster. 
The poem can be illustrated in thi^ manner: 

Decorate the cover ol the booklet with any conventional design 
and write the name ol the poem on it. 

On the first page write the the first stanza as follows: 
1 :mi :i .uijitit si r<ni^- ;mk1 Itohl. 
Siicti i()l\es I iil;i\- (HI \-oiini; and old ; 
Hot I wnrli liurd from sun to sun 
.\nd one must liave a little fun. 
On the second page mount the picture of the boy chasing his 
hat with thiscou|>let written at the bottom of the page: 
.■^oMift im(.-.s I tjiance a tiov to meet. 
I Mow liis liat airo.sst lie street. 
The boy flying his kite is mounted on the third page, ami written 
underneath is the verse: 

Then toss liis kite ni> in 11u' sli> . 
Mount the cloliiesline with the woman lianging up clothes on the 
fourth page with the words: 

And lielj) his mamiiurs clotlie.s to (lr\'. 
The girl with the pin wheel is mounted on the fifth page with a 
boy holding a flag if desired. (The same bov holding a fish pole 
can be used for this purpose.) This coujdet is written underneath: 

Tlir tlatLS i w.ave. tin- pin u liri Is torn. 
I lu- lilacksmilli's lire 1 li. 1[. 1o Imrn. 

On the next page mount the boy holding the umbrella and un- 
derneath write the couplet: 



WIND 

POSTERS 

tin.- win.l ilulli l.Iuw. 

id to li;i\c It >n - 

r l.luu il \\r.<t. 

.s, lli;i( u in<! IS licst." 

TIk'ti \\ lirii it r;iiiis I frisk :ili<iut. 
And turn 1 lit- u mhrrlhis inside out. 
On tlie st.'vt'iilh page mount the windmill with the rouplet: _ 
I in;d\L' llir niilk-r's whet 1 i^o ruinid. 
Hy which the cuni and oats are uroniid. "^ 

The next pa^e can be colored with a blue background to repre- 
sent the sea and several boats mounted in place: or the little; boy 
with his toy paper boat ran be used. This illustrates the last 
stanza ol the poem, which is: 

And when 1 u." far ont at sea 
Where man >■ 1 mats still wait fur me ; 
Ami wlicii the e\eiiint; sk>' is red 
I take the tisliernieii home to l)ed. 
The above will cover about two week's occupation periods/jTlie 
story of "The Wind and the Sun" was lcd<l next and illustrated. 
This can also be mounted in the booklet. 

Cut out and mount a larjie tree as illuslrated in the first poster 
with a man with overcoat and cap on and hands in his pockets and 
the sun smiling behind the wind clouds. On the next page mount 
a tree with the smiling sun in the rear and the man. wjth overcoat 
and cap removed, sitting under the tree. 

The second poster is a dirert contrast to that of the hrst. The 
attitude of the children in their play, of the man under the tree, 
and also the effect on the trees and the i-lothes, emphasize the dif- 
lerence in the con(htions caused by the wind and the sun. 

This month. Nature, after lying dormant so long, begins to assert 
herself. The children begin to observe the changes in everything 
about them. The two great powers mentioned above are very in- 
lluenlial in aiiling Nature in her work- The children must be 
taught this. The fart stated means nothing to them, but with the 
aid oi illustrations asgi\en here, it creates an interest which im- 
presses these fads upon their growing minds. The size ol posters 
are hve feet bv fourteen inches. 




THE SUN 

"Clod semis his hri^lit Sprin^usnu 
To melt the ice and snow. 
To start 1 he yreen lent buds. 
Antl make the flowers Mro'vw" 



Paffe Trv<nii)-secen 



BIRD POSTER 



BIRDS HAVE COME AGAIN 



The birds have all come again 

Yes, they have come again, 

Bluebird, and robin, and wren; 

With musical hushes 

Croon linnets and thrushes 

And blackbirds pipe greetings amain. 



Oh, gay are the grasses 

When over them passes 

The shadow of home-coming wings; 

The eager wings tarry 

The message to carry 

When the wild bird its rapture outflings. 



-Oli' 



E. Da 



Bird Poster 



Hand in hand with the study of the spring flowers, 
comes the study of the birds as they arrive from the 
south. 

An interesting way of keeping a bird calendar is by 
drawing the telephone wires, as in the poster below, on 
the upper part of the blackboard or on dark paper and 
hung above the board. 

As the children report the arrival of a bird, with the 
aid of Prang pictures used as patterns, hektograph the 
birds and let each child paint one for himself. Take 
the one made by the child who made the report, or if 
two or more saw the birds, mount these birds on the 
wire after they have been cut out by the children. 
The birds painted by the other children can be kept 
for a bird book. The date of report of seeing the bird 
is written under the bird on the poster. 

Soon all the birds familiar to the children will be 
mounted on the border. Two or three posts make the 
poster more effective. This illustration shows only a 
portion of the border. This poster is made any length 
desired and if mounted on paper should be fourteen 
inches wide. 



Page Twenlv-eight 




EASTER POSTER 



Easter Poster ( liiiistrated ) 

"HERR OSTER HASE" 



This poster illustrates the German legend, "Mr. 
Easter Rabbit." To appreciate the poster one must 
know the story. This is a brief review of it. 

There was a famine in a far-off cnintry; the grass 
dried up under the sun's merci'ess rays: no rain fell, so 
that few of the seeds which were planted sprouted and 
the hardy ones which did peep their heads above the 
parched earth were soon burned to the ground. Every- 
thing was dead. There were no flowers, no fruit, no 
grain. And in the fall, as a consequence, the granaries 
were empty. 

Such unhappiness! No, the children were not un- 
happy. Their parents protected them from the know- 
ledge of their anxiety. They always had something to 
eat because of the economy and care their parents 
took of the previous year's crops. 

For Christmas they had no presents. But in this 
country Easter is the holiday which is celebrated and 
the time when gifts are given. So they did not miss 
them. 

As Easter drew near the fathers and mothers were 
very sad. They wondered and wondered what they 
could do. It was hard to get even coarse bread now. 
The hens, however, had begun to lay and at one of the 
meetings the mothers had, eggs were suggested. But 
these would not be a treat, as the children had them 
every day. So they went to their separate homes as 
unhappy as ever, deciding that Easter Sunday must 
come and go as any other Sunday. 

One mother, when she came home, overheard her 
boy and girl talking expectantly about the coming 
festival, and it made her very sad to think of the dis- 
appointment awaiting them. After going to bed she 
lay awake and wondered what she could do to give her 
little ones a happy surprise. All at once she thought of 
something and could hardly wait until morning to tell 



the neighbors about it. Before night all the parents 
knew and were happy. 

Wlien Easter Sunday came, all the good mothers, 
fathers and children went to church. After services, 
instead or going home, the older people suggested go- 
ing to the woods Ijack of the church, for they said they 
thought the early spring flowers might be in bloom. 

The chl'dren ran in and out among the trees. Shouts 
were heard from all sides: 

"See what I have found!" 

"Red ones!" 

"Green ones!" 

"I have found a who'.e nest full!" 

All was excitement. They ran to their mothers dis- 
playi;'.g the many colored eggs and asked who had laid 
them there. 

"They could not be birds' eggs," they said, "for they 
were to large. Nor hens' eggs, for whoever has seen 
red eggs'?" 

Just then a large ra'ibit. startled from its shelter, 
jumped just in front of them and one of the children 
called: 

"It must be the rabbit laid the eggs!" And a mother 
replied, "Yes, it must have been the '(Jster Hase'i" 

And all the children, cheered and called, "Hurrah for 
the Easter Rabbit!" And both mothers and children 
were very happy. 

This is the story which the above poster illustrates. 
The rabbits are cut out of white paper. The eggs are 
colored and cut out by the children. This is freehand 
work. The other figures are hektographed, colored and 
then cut to line and mounted. The trees are torn free- 
hand. The background for the above poster is brown 
"oatmeal" wall paper or the border may be mounted 
on the blackboard. The size of this poster is five feet 
by eighteen inches. 

Pape Tiuenfp-nine 




TULIPS 



"Gold and crimson tulips 
Lift your bright heads up 
Catch the shining dewdrop 
In your dainty cups. 
If the birdies see you, 
When they're flying by, 
They will think a sunset 
Dropped from out the sky." 

—Songs of the Child World 

Gardening Poster 

The spring work in painting has now begun. The 
children paint flowers— tulips, crocuses, etc. An effect- 
ive way of using this material is to cut the flowers out 
and mount in the form of a bed. Then cut out several 
sunbonnet and overall children and mount as in the 
poster illustrated. 

The children enjoy this very much and if, when 
giving the painting lessons, this idea is suggested, it 
will be an incentive to better work from the children. 
Size is flfty-six inches long by twenty-two inches wide. 



Page Thirtij 




MAY POLE DANCE 



May Pole Dance Poster 

"Who shall be the Queen of May? 

Not the prettiest one, not the wittiest one! 

Nor she with the gown most gay! 

But she that is pleasantest all the day through, 

With the pleasantest things to say and do. 

She shall be the Queen of May." 



This an effective and simple border for decoration. 
The poster consists of a background of brown "oatmeal" 
wall paper, the trees are torn from a lighter shade and 
mounted in place. 

A pole, cut from white paper, is placed in position, 
the real baby ribbon, strips of cloth, paper ribbons or 
painted ones are draped from top of pole to the fairies' 
extended hands, the fairies having first been mounted 
in the form of a circle as shown above. 

The fairies are colored in delicate tints of blue, pink, 
yellow, green and lavendar, with brown acorn cups for 
caps. The wings are touched in spots with silver or 
gold paint, if desired, or cut from silver or gold paper. 
The white wings, however, are just as pretty without 
any other decoration. 

Children enjoy the fairy stories. Brownie myths, 
stories of the giants, anything which appeals to their 
imagination. The story of the brownie is not associated 
with the quiet, mysterious awakening of Nature how- 
ever. The fairies, with their graceful dancing in the 
woodland and clothed in the delicate tinting of spring- 
time, are more appropriate. The size of this poster is 
fifty-seven inches by twenty-four inches. 



Page Thirty-one 



CIRCUS PARADE 



The Circus Parade 



Oh, The Circus-Day parade! How the bugles played and played! 
And how the glossy horses tossed their flossy manes and neighed, 
As the rattle and the rhyme of the tenor-drummer's time 
Filled all the hungry hearts of us with melody sublime! 

How the grand band-wagon shone with a splendor all its own, 
And glittered with a glory that our hearts had never known! 
And how the boys behind, high and low of every kind, 
Marched in unconscious capture, with a rapture undefined! 

How the horsemen, two by two, with their plumes of white and blue, 
And crimson, gold and purple, nodding by at me and you. 
Waved the banners that they bore, as the Knights in days of yore. 
Till our glad eyes gleamed and glistened like the spangles that they wore! 

How the grace-less, graceful stride of the elephant was eyed, 
And the capers of the little horse that cantered at his side! 
How the shambling camels, tame to plaudits of their fame. 
With listless eyes came silent, masticating as they came. 

How the cages jolted past, with each wagon battoned fast, 
And the mystery within it only hinted of at last 
From the little grated square in the rear, and nosing there 
The snout of some strange animal that sniffed the outer air! 




Page ThirCn-two 



CIRCUS PARADE 



CIRCUS PARADE 



And last of all, The Clown, making mirth for all the town. 
With his lips curved ever upward, and his eyebrows ever down, 
And his chief attention paid to the little mule that played 
A tatto on the dashboard with his heels, in the parade. 

Oh! the Circus Day parade! How the bugles played and played! 

And how the glossy horses tossed their flossy manes and neighed, 

As the rattle and the rhyme of the tenor drummer's time 

Filled all the hungry hearts of us with melody sublime!— James Whitiomb Riley 

June Poster 

CIRCUS PARADE 



"The Circus is coming!" The excitement throughout 
the child world is paramount. What can we do to 
bring the children's minds back into the at-that-time 
uninteresting routine of school work! In the upper 
grades, of course, this must be done. 

It is not so easy to command interested attention in 
the lower grades. Why do we try to do it? Why not 
make use of the circus in our language work? Why 
not permit the children to talk about what interests 
them so vitally? The circus furnishes a fund of useful 
information. We have studied animals of this region 
and their winter homes previously. Now the animals of 
other climates come to visit us and a very interesting 
and impressive lesson can be given on them and their 
native homes. 

The occupation, being based on the language work 
nothing pleases the children more than making a par- 
ade of their own that will remain in sight as long as they 
desire. The parade may consist of lessons in cardboard 
modeling and the animals made with standards and set 
in order on a shelf; or all the figures may be mounted 
on the surface in the form of a poster border. 

The background of buildings and streets is drawn by 
the teacher. The children will bring pictures from fas- 
hion books and automobile magazines. For busy work 
cut out these figures and during an occupation period 



mount them in place on the sidewalks and side streets 
If the parade is to be cardboard modeling then this 
background is hung against the wall at the rear of the 
long shelf, which might consist of a long board hung 
in place at the top of wainscoting or blackboard. 

To make the animals stand, cut duplicate legs of tag 
board and fasten on the lower part of the bodies. The 
animals in the wagons are fastened against the front of 
the cage with a little paste. The drivers are fastened 
in place with little extensions on their shoulders which 
are inserted in corresponding slits in the front of the 
wagon. 

The animal wagon consists of a sixteen-square fold 
of heavy paper 22x22 inches. If the decoration on top 
is desired it is cut out separately and mounted. 

Fold the square piece of paper into sixteen squares 
as in Fig. I. (See illustration next page.) Cut on full 
lines. Fold on dotted lines. 

Measure on the sides x and y, from the right hand 
side, spaces ' j in., then '4 in. and '2 in. and ^4 in. 
alternately across the entire length and -'4 in. from top 
and bottom. Cut out the spaces (after corresponding 
dots have been connected) measuring '4 in. wide and 
the bars in the wagon will be ' l> in. wide. 
(Contin led on next page) 



Page Thirtij three 



/ 



J. - 



1.1 

lllll 



^ 



i 



Fiq r. 



i7 



I 




F.vJ 



shown in the poster. The 



Now fold squares a and 
c on their diameters as 
indicated in Fig. I. Paste 
b and d together. Paste 
the inner halves of a and 
c to the wagon and the 
outside half of square a 
to the outside half of 
square c. This forms the 
d r i V e r's seat. Paste 
squares e, f, g and h one 
upon the other to form 
the closed back of the 
wagon. The result is Fig. 
II. 

Fasten the wheels on 
with brads, or collar but- 
tons which can be ob- 
tained at laundries. The 
band-wagon consists of a 
spool box to each side of 
which is pasted the band 
and outside of wagon as 
back and front are two 



straight nieces of paper of the same color. The wheels 
are fastened the same as on the animal wagons. 

The background of the poster and the cardboard 
modeling parade is mounted on brown oatmeal wall 
paper. It is twenty-one feet long. The animals are 
hektographed on Manila paper and colored with color- 
ed crayons or water-colors. The figures may be cut 
from colored papers if desired. The elephants are a 
dark gray color; the horses are tan or brown; the donk- 
eys, white or black; the giraffe is a yellowish brown, 
spotted with a darker shade; the monkeys are brown 
with red suits; the camels, a light brown. 

The large animal and band-wagon are red with 
yellow wheels. The leading man with the megaphone 
is dressed in black; the drivers in tan, and the rest of 
troupe, except the clowns, are dressed in red. The 
clowns have white suits with large red or yellow polka 
dots. 

When all the above figures are mounted on the 
street in front of the waiting people, the result is a 
very interesting and attractive poster. 




Page Thirtv-four 



HOW TO USE PATTERNS 



f I ^HE patterns with no detail and which are used for 
the silhouette posters, as the Hallowe'en Poster 
patterns, can be pasted on heavy paper and then cut 
out. The children or teacher can then trace around 
them. The patterns having detail as the Thanksgiving 
Poster patterns should be used with carbon paper if the 



teacher it not so fortunate as to possess a hektograph. 
Several copies can be traced at a time with the carbon 
paper however, the number depending on the quality 
of the carbon paper and the weight of the paper on 
which the pattern is to be transferred. 



HOW TO PRESERVE THESE PATTERNS FOR FUTURE USE 



£^ ET a good sized book containing blank pages. Af- 
^-^ ter transferring the pattern on another sheet 
mount the original patterns in this book. Now you 



have the patterns preserved so that, if constant tracing 
destroys the sheet on which you have transferred the 
patterns in use, you still have the original for future use. 



THE USE OF THESE PATTERNS 



1. For outline cutting. These patterns are made to 
aid the teacher in making the poster, the prints of 
which are found in this book. 

2. Free Hand Cutting. The cutting need not neces- 
sarily be cutting to line. In the more advanced classes 
the patterns may be cut out and temporarily mounted 



on the blackboard with the application of water on the 
back of the pattern. Now with this pattern before 
them, the children may cut out the object free hand. 
Very good results may be attained by this method of 
procedure and is very valuable in the training of the 
eye and hand. 



A great many of these patterns can be used for 
-^^ Sand table and table-top lessons. The object 
should be cut out of heavier paper. Standards, which 
are made by repeating the lower half of the object you 
wish to stand erect, are pasted to the middle of the 
object. Thus, with a horse as an example; cut the 



THESE PATTERNS FOR THE SAND TABLE 

lower half of the horse out of stiff paper same as the 



pattern. Paste this to the middle of the horse which 

has already been cut out of heavy paper. Bend back 

the standard slightly and set the horse in position on 
the sand table. 



Page Thirlp-five 



MATERIALS USED FOR POSTER WORK 



^ I ^HE oatmeal wall paper seems to be the only 
accessible material for mounting' We hope that 
in time other more durable papers will be placed on 
the market for this purpose. One roll of sky blue and 
one roll of brown wall paper is all that is necessary 
for this work for several years. If the brown paper is 
coated, not double faced, the under side is of a lighter 
color and can be used for the trees. But if this can 
not be gotten the trees can be touched with a hght 
brown crayon to distinguish them from the back- 
ground. These papers can be procured at any wall- 
paper establishment for forty or fifty cents a roll. 

Other paper used is the tinted drawing paper in 
beautiful shades of green, brown, grays and so forth. 
The common papers can be substituted for these, how- 
ever, tinting it with water colors or colored crayons. 

The black coated paper is five cents a sheet and can 
be obtained at any book and stationary store or at the 
School Supply houses advertised in the Educational 
magazines. 



The orange card board as mentioned in the October 
poster can be obtained at the printing office. This 
material is also five cents a sheet. 

Library paste is very expensive. A very little is 
necessary however in proportion to the amount of 
pasting done if done correctly. Do not cover the en- 
tire surface with paste. A little paste applied down 
the center of the objecfs is all that is necessary. If 
pasted around the edgeo, the objects will not lie 
smoothly upon the background. A good inexpensive 
recipe for library paste is given below. 

Recipe for Library Paste 

2 cups water ' d w ^ *u 

1 , tablespoon alum \ ^oil together 



1 cup flour 



I 



Stir ten minutes 



■% cup cold water \ 
Pour boiling alum water on flour paste so stirred 
and boil 10 or 15 minutes. 
Add 20 drops oil of cloves. Bottle hot in airtight jars. 



Page Thlrte-six 



Price List of Patterns 

Baloon Poster Patterns 

Soap Bubble Poster Patterns - - - 25c 
Hallowe'en Poster Patterns - - - 25c 
Hiawatha Poster Patterns - - - 25c 
Thanksgiving (Historical) Poster Patterns 25c 
Santa Claus and His Helpers Patterns 
Santa Claus on His Way Patterns - - 25c 
The Shepherds and The Wise Men Poster 

Patterns ----- 25c 
Ski Tournament Poster Patterns - - 25c 
Eskimo Poster Patterns - - - 25c 
The Little Veterans (for February Poster) 

Patterns 
Chicken Little (Illustrated Border) 

Patterns 25c 

Japanese Poster Patterns - - - 25c 

Song of the Wind (Illustrated) Patterns 
The Wind and the Sun (Illustrated) 

Patterns 25c 

Story of the Easter Rabbit (Illustrated 

Patterns 
Gardening Poster Patterns - - 25c 

Bird Poster (Telephone post pattern only) 
May Pole Dance Poster Patterns - - - 25c 
Circus Parade Poster Patterns - - - 25c 
Background for Circus Parade Patterns - 25c 
Entire Set of Patterns for - - $3.25 

(Stamps Not Accepted) 
Address— 

JOHANNA HOLM, 

Chippewa Falls, 

Wisconsin. 



Page Thirtp-seoen 



CONTENTS 

Year's Calendar . _ _ - 6 

Poster Work 9 

General Remarks - _ - 

Correlation of Manuel Work with Language Work 

Care of Material 10 

The First Efforts in Poster Work 10 

The Purposes of Poster Work as Planned in this Book 10 

Things to Avoid in Poster Work _ 11 

Color Combinations in Poster Work 11 

Balloon Poster 12 

Chicken Little Poster No. 1 12 

Soap Bubble Poster 13 

Chicken Little Poster No. 2 13 

Hallowe'en Poster The Witches 14 

Hallowe'en on the Sand Table The Brownies 15 

Thanksgiving Poster Landing of the Pilgrims No. 1 16 

Boat Folding Landing of the Pilgrims No. 2 17 

Hiawatha Poster Hiawatha's Boyhood (Illustrated) 18 

Hiawatha Poster Hiawatha's Boyhood (Continued) 19 

Christmas Poster Santa Claus and the Brownies 20 

Christmas Poster- Santa Claus on his way 21 

Ski Tournament Poster 21 

The Shepherds' Poster 22 

The Wise Men Poster-Christmas Sand Table 23 

Eskimo Poster No. 1 24 

Eskimo Poster No. 2 25 

Japanese Poster . _ . 25 

Little Veterans Poster 26 

February Poster 26 

March Poster— The Wind . _ 27 

March Poster— The Sun 27 

Bird Poster 28 

Easter Poster 29 

Gardening Poster— Tulips 30 

May Pole Dance Poster 31 

Circus Parade Poster No. 1 and 2 32 

Circus Parade Poster No. 3 33 

June poster 33 

General Information 35-36 

How to use Patterns 

How to Preserve these Patterns for Future use 

The use of these Patterns 

These Patterns for the Sand Table 

Materials Used for Poster Work 

Price List of Patterns 37 




G. a H CO. 

CHIPPEWA FALLS 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

019 821 814 




